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Military Necessity
Control of the Border States allowed emancipation to be used as a
tool against the Confederation through demoralization,
"property" confiscation, and the use of freedmen in the
Union armed forces. |
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Jun.
8, 1861, Scientific American, p. 362,
col. 2
Non-interference with Slavery.
Sep
21, 1861, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
290, col. 1-2
General Fremont’s proclamation and President Lincoln’s response.
Nov. 25, 1861, New
York Illustrated News, p. 49, col. 1-4
Beaufort and Abolition.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 338,
col. 1
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 339, col. 3
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 339,
col. 3
Robert Smalls and the
Planter.
Jul.
26, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 467,
col. 2-3
Senate discussion about employing blacks in the military.
Jul.
26, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 467,
col. 3
Abraham Lincoln proposes a compensated emancipation bill to Congress.
Aug.
9, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 498,
col. 1
Proclamation by President Lincoln announcing confiscation of rebel
property. Also see sixth section of Confiscation Act.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 562,
col. 1
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 563, col. 3-4
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 626,
col. 1-2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 627, col. 2-3
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 642,
col. 2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, New York Illustrated News, p.
354, col. 3
“A Proclamation by the President of the United States.”
Oct.
11, 1862, Southern Illustrated, p. 4,
col. 1-2
Comments on Antietam and on the Preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation.
Oct.
18, 1862, Scientific American, p. 242,
col. 2
Notes on Naval and Military Affairs.
Nov.
15, 1862, New York Illustrated News, p. 18,
col. 2
Rebels in Texas send slaves to Cuba.
Jan.
10, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 18,
col. 1-2
Editorial on Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
258, col. 3-4
Editorial on Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 34,
col. 1
The Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
24, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
276, col. 1-4
Emancipation Day in Port Royal, South Carolina, illustration.
Feb.
14, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 98,
col. 4
Editorial: “Shall There Be Colored Soldiers?”
Feb.
28, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 133,
col. 1-4
“Our Colored Troops—the Line Officers of the First Louisiana
National Guard,” illustration.
Jun.
13, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 371,
col. 1
“The Flag,” a poem dedicated to Robert G. Shaw and the Massachusetts
Fifty-fourth Regiment.
Jun.
20, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 386,
col. 1-2
Editorial on the use of “Negro” troops.
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Revolution from Below
The fact that slaves were already emancipating themselves presented
an opportunity for the Lincoln administration to use for the Union's
benefit. |
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Jun.
8, 1861, Scientific American, p. 362,
col. 2
Non-interference with Slavery.
Sep.
21, 1861, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
290, col. 1-2
General Fremont’s Proclamation and President Lincoln’s response.
Mar.
15, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 162,
col. 2-3
Editorial on Port Royal.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 338,
col. 1
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 339, col. 3
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 339,
col. 3
Robert Smalls and the
Planter.
Jun.
7, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 354,
col. 4 & p. 355, col. 1
“Eight Contrabands bring out the rebel steamer Planter from Charleston harbor."
Jun.
14, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 372,
col. 1-4 & p. 373, col. 1
Robert Smalls, Captain of the Planter.
Aug.
9, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 498,
col. 1
Proclamation by President Lincoln announcing confiscation of rebel
property. Also see sixth section of
Confiscation Act.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 562,
col. 1
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 563, col. 3-4
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 626,
col. 1-2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 627, col. 2-3
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 642,
col. 2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, New York Illustrated News, p.
354, col. 3
“A Proclamation by the President of the United States.”
Jan.
10, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 18,
col. 1-2
Editorial on Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 34,
col. 1
The Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
24, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
275, col. 1
Slaves in Maryland refuse to labor.
Jan.
24, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
276, col. 1-4
Emancipation Day in Port Royal South Carolina, an illustration.
Feb.
14, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 98,
col. 4
Editorial: “Shall There Be Colored Soldiers?”
Feb.28,
1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 133, col.
1-4
“Our Colored Troops—the Line Officers of the First Louisiana
National Guard,” illustration.
Jun.
6, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 355,
col. 2
Frederick Law Olmsted tells story of an enslaved black man who used his
owner’s gun to gain freedom for his wife and child.
Jun.
13, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 371,
col. 1
“The Flag,” a poem dedicated to Robert G. Shaw and the Massachusetts
Fifty-fourth Regiment.
Jun.
20, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 386,
col. 1-2
Editorial on the use of “Negro” troops.
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Higher Law
Pressure from abolitionists and Lincoln's own convictions to bring
the slave states in line with the principle in the Declaration of
Independence that all men are created equal. |
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Feb.
9, 1861, New York Illustrated News, p. 210,
col. 2-3
“The Right of the South to its ‘Chattels.’”
Sep
21, 1861, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
290, col. 1-2
General Fremont’s proclamation and President Lincoln’s response.
Oct.
5, 1861, Scientific American, p. 210,
col. 1
“Fremont’s Proclamation and the President.”
Mar.
15, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 162,
col. 2-3
Editorial on Port Royal.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 338,
col. 1
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 339, col. 3
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
Aug.
9, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 498,
col. 1
Proclamation by President Lincoln announcing confiscation of rebel
property. Also see sixth section of
Confiscation Act.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 562,
col. 1
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 563, col. 3-4
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 626,
col. 1-2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 627, col. 2-3
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 642,
col. 2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, New York Illustrated News, p.
354, col. 3
“A Proclamation by the President of the United States.”
Dec.
13, 1862, Scientific American, p. 370,
col. 1
Lincoln’s State of the Union Message.
Dec.
13, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 786,
col. 1-2
Editorial on Lincoln’s message to Congress on compensated
emancipation and colonization.
Jan.
17, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 34,
col. 1
The Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
258, col. 3-4
Editorial on Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
24, 1863, Harper’s Weekly p. 55,
col. 3-4 & pp. 56-57, col. 1-4
Commentary and a Thomas Nast cartoon on Emancipation
(includes description of a slave auction in Georgia in 1859.)
Mar.
14, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 171,
col. 4 & p. 172, col. 1-4
Great Union and Emancipation Meeting held in
London, article and illustration.
Aug.
30, 1864, Father Abraham, p. 1, col. 1
An Acrostic (on Emancipation and Lincoln).
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Diplomatic Considerations
Since emancipation was popular with the British working class,
the policy helped convince the British government not to recognize
the Confederacy diplomatically. |
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Feb.
9, 1861, New York Illustrated News, p. 210,
col. 2-3
“The Right of the South to its ‘Chattels.’”
Sep
21, 1861, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
290, col. 1-2
General Fremont’s proclamation and President Lincoln’s response.
Oct.
5, 1861, Scientific American, p. 210,
col. 1
“Fremont’s Proclamation and the President.”
Apr.
5, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 210,
col. 2-3
Editorial, “What to do with Negroes once they are free?”
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 338,
col. 1
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 339, col. 3
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
Jul.
26, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 467,
col. 2-3
Senate discussion about employing blacks in the military.
Jul.
26, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 467,
col. 3
Abraham Lincoln proposes a compensated emancipation bill to Congress.
Aug.
9, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 498,
col. 1
Proclamation by President Lincoln announcing confiscation of rebel
property. Also see sixth section of
Confiscation Act.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 562,
col. 1
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 563, col. 3-4
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 626,
col. 1-2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 627, col. 2-3
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 642,
col. 2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, New York Illustrated News, p.
354, col. 3
“A Proclamation by the President of the United States.”
Dec.
13, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 786,
col. 1-2
Editorial on Lincoln’s message to Congress on compensated
emancipation and colonization.
Dec.
13, 1862, Scientific American, p. 370,
col. 1
Lincoln’s State of the Union Message.
Jan.
17, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
258, col. 3-4
Editorial on Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, Harper’s Weekly p. 34,
col. 1
The Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, New York Illustrated News, p.
171, col. 4
London Star reports on
pro-Emancipation meeting.
Jan.
24, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
275, col. 4
Workingmen of Manchester approve Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan. 31,
1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p. 290,
col. 4
Jefferson Davis’ Annual Message.
Mar.
14, 1863, Southern Illustrated, p. 2,
col. 1-2
Lincoln as Dictator.
Mar.
14, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 171,
col. 4 & p. 172, col. 1-4
Great Union and Emancipation Meeting held in
London, article and illustration.
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Long-Term Process
The Lincoln administration and the
Republican-controlled Congress had been chipping away at the
institution of slavery since the beginning of the war, and the
Emancipation Proclamation was a logical next step in that process. |
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Feb.
9, 1861, New York Illustrated News, p. 210,
col. 2-3
“The Right of the South to its ‘Chattels.’”
Jun.
8, 1861, Scientific American, p. 362,
col. 2
Non-interference with Slavery.
Sep
21, 1861, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
290, col. 1-2
General Fremont’s proclamation and President Lincoln’s response.
Oct.
5, 1861, Scientific American, p. 210,
col. 1
“Fremont’s Proclamation and the President.”
Nov. 25, 1861, New
York Illustrated, p. 49, col. 1-4
Beaufort and Abolition.
Mar.
15, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 162,
col. 2-3
Editorial on Port Royal.
Apr.
5, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 210,
col. 2-3
Editorial, “What to do with Negroes once they are free?”
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 338,
col. 1
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
May
31, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 339, col. 3
President
Lincoln’s proclamation rescinding General
Orders of General Hunter freeing slaves in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
Jul.
26, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 467,
col. 2-3
Senate discussions about employing blacks in the military.
Jul.
26, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 467,
col. 3
Abraham Lincoln proposes a compensated emancipation bill to Congress.
Aug.
9, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 498,
col. 1
Proclamation by President Lincoln announcing confiscation of rebel
property. Also see sixth section of
Confiscation Act.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 562,
col. 1
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Sep.
6, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 563, col. 3-4
Exchange between Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley
on slavery.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 626,
col. 1-2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
4, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 627, col. 2-3
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 642,
col. 2
Lincoln’s Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
Oct.
11, 1862, New York Illustrated News, p.
354, col. 3
“A Proclamation by the President of the United States.”
Dec.
13, 1862, Harper’s Weekly, p. 786,
col. 1-2
Editorial on Lincoln’s message to Congress on compensated
emancipation and colonization.
Dec.
13, 1862, Scientific American, p. 370,
col. 1
Lincoln’s State of the Union Message.
Jan.
10, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 18,
col. 1-2
Editorial on Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p.
258, col. 3-4
Editorial on Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
17, 1863, Harper’s Weekly p. 34,
col. 1
The Emancipation Proclamation.
Jan.
24, 1863, Harper’s Weekly p. 55,
col. 3-4 & pp. 56-57, col. 1-4
Commentary and a Thomas Nast cartoon on Emancipation
(includes description of a slave auction in Georgia in 1859.)
Jan. 31,
1863, Leslie’s Illustrated, p. 290,
col. 4
Jefferson Davis’ Annual Message.
Feb.
14, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 98,
col. 4
Editorial: “Shall There Be Colored Soldiers?”
Feb.
28, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 133,
col. 1-4
“Our Colored Troops—the Line Officers of the First Louisiana
National Guard,” illustration.
Mar.
14, 1863, Southern Illustrated, p. 2,
col. 1-2
Lincoln as Dictator.
Mar.
14, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 171,
col. 4 & p. 172, col. 1-4
Great Union and Emancipation Meeting held in
London, article and illustration.
Jun.
20, 1863, Harper’s Weekly, p. 386,
col. 1-2
Editorial on the use of “Negro” troops.
Aug.
30, 1864, Father Abraham, p. 1, col. 1
An Acrostic (on Emancipation and Lincoln).
Nov.
8, 1864, Father Abraham, p. 2, col. 3
“Our Father who art in Washington.”
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An Introduction to the Emancipation Proclamation Activity...
